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The complete history of the Universe -- from the Big Bang to 200 my into the future


History of the Universe eBook. 398 pages, 300 illustrations only £5.99

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Exotic Particles

Some other strange objects and materials might also have been produced, including

Magnetic Monopoles

Cosmic Strings

WIMPs

Dark Matter

Magnetic Monopoles

Normal magnets contain two poles, called North and South, but it is theoretically possible that particles exist which contain a single pole, called monopoles. English physicist Paul Dirac proved that if even one monopole exists then electrical charge, such as the charge on the electron, must be quantized, that is, must exist in discrete amounts or quanta. Now all electric charge is quantized, which suggests that monopoles might exist. However no monopole has ever been found in the Universe.

Cosmic Strings

A cosmic string is a hypothetical construct formed during the symmetry breaking phase of inflation. When domains with different physical laws met, there could have been a discontinuity in spacetime, producing a one-dimensional imperfection which might still exist. However no cosmic strings have ever been observed.

WIMPs

WIMPs are theoretical weakly interacting massive particles or WIMPs. These particles feel the weak interaction and gravity, but not electromagnetic radiation so they cannot be seen. Nor do they interact with the strong nuclear force.

Some people think that dark matter is made of WIMPs.

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History of the Universe eBook. 398 pages, 300 illustrations only £5.99

eBook only £5.99
398 pages, 300 images

"I find the science fabulous...an extremely useful teaching tool."
Professor David Christian.